# Bitbucket Pipelines Quick Reference

*CI/CD pipelines, caching, artifacts, deployments*

> Source: Bitbucket Documentation (support.atlassian.com/bitbucket-cloud) · MIT

## Pipeline Basics

### How It Works

| Command | Description |
|---------|-------------|
| `bitbucket-pipelines.yml` | Config file in repo root |
| `Docker containers` | Each step runs in its own container |
| `Triggers` | Push, PR, tag, schedule, or manual |
| `Build minutes` | Quota depends on plan tier |

### Enabling Pipelines

```
# Repository Settings → Pipelines → Enable
# Add bitbucket-pipelines.yml to repo root
# First push triggers the pipeline
```

## bitbucket-pipelines.yml

### Minimal Config

```
image: node:20
pipelines:
  default:
    - step:
        script:
          - npm install
          - npm test
```

### Branch-Specific Pipelines

```
pipelines:
  branches:
    main:
      - step:
          script:
            - npm run build
            - npm run deploy
```

### Tag & Pull Request Pipelines

```
pipelines:
  tags:
    'v*':
      - step:
          script:
            - npm run release
  pull-requests:
    '**':
      - step:
          script:
            - npm test
```

## Steps

### Step Options

| Command | Description |
|---------|-------------|
| `name` | Display name for the step |
| `image` | Override global Docker image |
| `script` | List of shell commands to run |
| `size` | 1x (4GB) or 2x (8GB) memory |
| `max-time` | Timeout in minutes (default 120) |
| `trigger` | manual for manual-only steps |

### Parallel Steps

```
- parallel:
    - step:
        name: "Lint"
        script:
          - npm run lint
    - step:
        name: "Test"
        script:
          - npm test
```

### Manual Step

```
- step:
    name: "Deploy to Production"
    trigger: manual
    script:
      - ./deploy.sh prod
```

## Variables

### Variable Types

| Command | Description |
|---------|-------------|
| `Repository variables` | Settings → Pipelines → Variables |
| `Deployment variables` | Scoped to a deployment environment |
| `Secured variables` | Encrypted, masked in logs |
| `Pipeline variables` | Defined inline in YAML |

### Using Variables

```
pipelines:
  default:
    - step:
        script:
          - echo $MY_VAR
          - docker login -u $DOCKER_USER -p $DOCKER_PASS
```

### Built-in Variables

| Command | Description |
|---------|-------------|
| `$BITBUCKET_COMMIT` | Full commit SHA |
| `$BITBUCKET_BRANCH` | Branch name |
| `$BITBUCKET_TAG` | Tag name (tag pipelines) |
| `$BITBUCKET_BUILD_NUMBER` | Incrementing build number |
| `$BITBUCKET_REPO_SLUG` | Repository slug |

## Caching

### Predefined Caches

```
- step:
    caches:
      - node        # ~/.npm
      - pip         # ~/.cache/pip
      - docker      # Docker layer cache
    script:
      - npm install
      - npm test
```

### Custom Cache

```
definitions:
  caches:
    gradle: ~/.gradle/caches
    mylibs: vendor/libs
pipelines:
  default:
    - step:
        caches:
          - gradle
        script:
          - ./gradlew build
```

### Cache Behavior

| Command | Description |
|---------|-------------|
| `Duration` | Caches expire after 7 days |
| `Scope` | Shared across all pipelines in repo |
| `Clear` | Pipelines → Caches → Delete |

## Artifacts

### Passing Files Between Steps

```
- step:
    name: "Build"
    script:
      - npm run build
    artifacts:
      - dist/**
- step:
    name: "Deploy"
    script:
      - ls dist/    # artifacts available
      - ./deploy.sh
```

### Artifact Options

| Command | Description |
|---------|-------------|
| `artifacts` | Glob patterns for files to pass |
| `Download` | Available in subsequent steps automatically |
| `Max size` | 1 GB per step |
| `Retention` | Available for 14 days after build |

## Deployments

### Deployment Environments

```
- step:
    name: "Deploy Staging"
    deployment: staging
    script:
      - ./deploy.sh staging
- step:
    name: "Deploy Production"
    deployment: production
    trigger: manual
    script:
      - ./deploy.sh prod
```

### Environment Types

| Command | Description |
|---------|-------------|
| `test` | Testing environment |
| `staging` | Pre-production environment |
| `production` | Live environment, tracked in dashboard |

## Common Patterns

### Docker Build & Push

```
- step:
    services:
      - docker
    script:
      - docker build -t myapp:$BITBUCKET_COMMIT .
      - docker login -u $DOCKER_USER -p $DOCKER_PASS
      - docker push myapp:$BITBUCKET_COMMIT
```

### Service Containers

```
definitions:
  services:
    postgres:
      image: postgres:16
      variables:
        POSTGRES_DB: testdb
        POSTGRES_PASSWORD: secret
pipelines:
  default:
    - step:
        services:
          - postgres
        script:
          - npm test
```

### Conditional Step with Pipe

```
- step:
    name: "Deploy to S3"
    script:
      - pipe: atlassian/aws-s3-deploy:1.1.0
        variables:
          AWS_ACCESS_KEY_ID: $AWS_KEY
          AWS_SECRET_ACCESS_KEY: $AWS_SECRET
          S3_BUCKET: my-bucket
          LOCAL_PATH: dist/
```