Artisan

Common Commands

php artisan serve	Start development server
php artisan make:model Name -m	Create model with migration
php artisan make:controller NameController	Create controller class
php artisan make:middleware Name	Create middleware class
php artisan migrate	Run pending migrations
php artisan migrate:rollback	Rollback last migration batch
php artisan db:seed	Run database seeders
php artisan tinker	Interactive REPL for your app
php artisan route:list	List all registered routes
php artisan cache:clear	Clear the application cache
php artisan config:clear	Clear cached config
php artisan queue:work	Start processing queued jobs

Routing

Basic Routes

Route::get('/users', [UserController::class, 'index']);
Route::post('/users', [UserController::class, 'store']);
Route::put('/users/{id}', [UserController::class, 'update']);
Route::delete('/users/{id}', [UserController::class, 'destroy']);

Route Parameters & Groups

Route::get('/user/{id}', function (int $id) {
    return User::findOrFail($id);
});

Route::prefix('api')->middleware('auth')->group(function () {
    Route::get('/profile', [ProfileController::class, 'show']);
});

Route Features

->name('route.name')	Named route for URL generation
->where('id', '[0-9]+')	Regex constraint on parameter
Route::resource()	RESTful resource routes (7 routes)
Route::apiResource()	API resource (no create/edit views)
Route::fallback()	Catch-all for unmatched routes

Controllers

Resource Controller

class PostController extends Controller {
    public function index() {
        return view('posts.index', ['posts' => Post::all()]);
    }

    public function store(Request $request) {
        $validated = $request->validate(['title' => 'required|max:255']);
        Post::create($validated);
        return redirect()->route('posts.index');
    }
}

Resource Methods

index()	GET /resource -- list all
create()	GET /resource/create -- show form
store()	POST /resource -- save new
show($id)	GET /resource/{id} -- display one
edit($id)	GET /resource/{id}/edit -- edit form
update($id)	PUT /resource/{id} -- update
destroy($id)	DELETE /resource/{id} -- remove

Blade Templates

Layout & Sections

{{-- layouts/app.blade.php --}}

  @yield('content')


{{-- pages/home.blade.php --}}
@extends('layouts.app')
@section('content')
  Home
@endsection

Directives

{{ $var }}	Echo with HTML escaping
{!! $html !!}	Echo raw (unescaped)
@if / @elseif / @else	Conditional blocks
@foreach ($items as $item)	Loop through collection
@forelse / @empty	Loop with empty fallback
@include('partial')	Include another Blade view
@component / @slot	Reusable Blade components
@csrf	CSRF token hidden field
@auth / @guest	Check authentication status
@error('field')	Display validation error

Eloquent ORM

Model Basics

class Post extends Model {
    protected $fillable = ['title', 'body', 'user_id'];

    public function user() {
        return $this->belongsTo(User::class);
    }
}

Querying

Post::all();                          // all records
Post::find(1);                        // by primary key
Post::where('status', 'published')->get();
Post::where('views', '>', 100)->orderBy('created_at', 'desc')->first();

CRUD Operations

$post = Post::create(['title' => 'New', 'body' => '...']);
$post->update(['title' => 'Updated']);
$post->delete();
Post::destroy([1, 2, 3]);   // delete by IDs

Relationships

hasOne	One-to-one (User -> Phone)
hasMany	One-to-many (Post -> Comments)
belongsTo	Inverse of hasOne/hasMany
belongsToMany	Many-to-many with pivot table
hasManyThrough	Has-many via intermediate model

Migrations

Creating Tables

Schema::create('posts', function (Blueprint $table) {
    $table->id();
    $table->foreignId('user_id')->constrained()->cascadeOnDelete();
    $table->string('title');
    $table->text('body')->nullable();
    $table->timestamps();
});

Column Types

$table->id()	Auto-increment BIGINT primary key
$table->string('col', 100)	VARCHAR with optional length
$table->text('col')	TEXT column
$table->integer('col')	INTEGER column
$table->boolean('col')	BOOLEAN column
$table->json('col')	JSON column
$table->timestamp('col')	TIMESTAMP column
$table->timestamps()	created_at and updated_at
$table->softDeletes()	deleted_at for soft deletes

Middleware

Custom Middleware

class EnsureAdmin {
    public function handle(Request $request, Closure $next) {
        if (! $request->user()?->is_admin) {
            abort(403);
        }
        return $next($request);
    }
}

Registering & Using

// bootstrap/app.php
->withMiddleware(function (Middleware $middleware) {
    $middleware->alias(['admin' => EnsureAdmin::class]);
})

// In routes
Route::get('/admin', fn() => '...')->middleware('admin');

Built-in Middleware

auth	Require authentication
guest	Redirect if authenticated
throttle:60,1	Rate limit (60 req/min)
verified	Require email verification
signed	Validate signed URL

Authentication

Auth Helpers

Auth::check();           // is user logged in?
Auth::user();            // current User model
Auth::id();              // current user ID
Auth::attempt(['email' => $e, 'password' => $p]);
Auth::logout();

Starter Kits

Laravel Breeze	Minimal auth scaffolding (Blade or Inertia)
Laravel Jetstream	Full-featured (teams, 2FA, API tokens)
Sanctum	SPA / mobile API token authentication
Passport	Full OAuth2 server implementation

Protecting Routes

Route::middleware('auth')->group(function () {
    Route::get('/dashboard', [DashController::class, 'index']);
});

Validation

Controller Validation

$validated = $request->validate([
    'title' => 'required|string|max:255',
    'email' => 'required|email|unique:users',
    'age'   => 'nullable|integer|min:0',
]);

Form Request

class StorePostRequest extends FormRequest {
    public function rules(): array {
        return [
            'title' => 'required|max:255',
            'body'  => 'required|min:10',
        ];
    }
}

Common Rules

required	Field must be present and not empty
string \| integer \| boolean	Type validation
min:N \| max:N	Min/max length or value
email	Valid email format
unique:table,column	Must be unique in DB table
exists:table,column	Must exist in DB table
in:a,b,c	Must be one of listed values
confirmed	Requires matching _confirmation field
date \| after:date	Date validation

Common Patterns

API Response

return response()->json(['data' => $users], 200);
return response()->json(['error' => 'Not found'], 404);

Environment & Config

env('APP_KEY');              // read .env value
config('app.name');          // read config value
config(['app.debug' => true]); // set at runtime

Useful Helpers

route('name', $params)	Generate URL for named route
redirect()->route('name')	Redirect to named route
back()->withErrors()	Redirect back with validation errors
abort(404)	Throw HTTP exception
collect($array)	Create a Collection from array
now()	Current Carbon datetime
cache()->remember()	Cache a value with TTL

LARAVEL QUICK REFERENCE

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